Common Numbering Systems of Natural and Man-made fiber.

Tex System

Lower the Tex, finer the thread
Higher the Tex, thicker the thread
Higher the Ticket, finer the thread
Lower the Ticket, thicker the thread


Is symbolized by (Tex) and is a direct count of thread weight per unit length. It is based on the weight in grams of a thread 1,000 meters (1 kilometer) long. 1,000 meters of Tex 10 (very fine) thread weighs 10 grams, while 1,000 meters of Tex 100 (very coarse) weighs 100 grams. The Tex system measures the entire thread, no matter how many strands or plies it has.

Ticket number

Is a system to give easy approximations of the specific size of finished thread and is different for different thread types even if the Tex no is same. To convert Tex into ticket (1000/Tex No) x 3.


Cotton Count system

If you had a single strand of yarn 840 yards long weighing one pound, its count (or size) would be shown as 1/1. This simply means it had a count of one (the first number) and that it was a single strand or yard (the second number). If you then twisted two or those single strands together, the size would then be ½: One count yarn (the first number), in a two ply construction (the second number).

is used for threads made from natural products and is symbolized by Ne. It is based on the number of 840 yard hanks in one pound of thread made from natural fibers and yarns. The size is measure of an individual yarn or strand. Most threads are made from multiple strands or plies. In the cotton count system, 50/2 designates a two-ply thread made from two size 50 yarns. That has the same fibre contents as one size 25 yarn. 8,400 yards of size 10 (coarse) or 84,000 yards or size 100 (extremely fine) is same for one pound of cotton yard in this system. Cotton Count System (Ne) has been the accepted standard in sizing spun threads.



The Hong Kong ticket System

Is the same as the cotton count system, just written without the slash. So a cotton count 50/2 thread is a Hong Kong ticket 502 thread.


Denier System

Is used for continuous filament synthetic threads and is symbolized by d and is based on the weight in grams of a thread 9 kilometres long. Denier measurements are nine times larger than Tex for the same yarn. However denier is sometimes applied to individual strands of a multi-ply thread, while Tex is always applied to the entire thread. Denier sizes are usually written as 1000d, 200d, and so on.
Metric Count System

Is used for synthetic threads and is symbolized by Nm and is based on the number of 1 kilometre hanks in one kilogram of synthetic thread. So size 100 is a fine thread and size 10 is extremely coarse.


Collected and Edited by Enamul Haque Bipul

Cotton Purchase (2nd Step of Yarn Producing)

Learn Apparel Merchandising, Learn Fashion design.
Purchasing the cotton

Dear All,

Cotton purchasing is the most important things for a spinning factory. For producing finest quality yarn it is very important to select the correct yarn. Cotton price is also a important things.

So, before purchasing the cotton you should re check that, you are buying correct quality yarn with the latest & cheapest price? If you fail to maintain this then you will gain any profit.

Also you should need the updated knowledge regarding the yarn market & order flow.

Actually a spinning factory purchases the cotton from international & local market. Its actually depends on quantity & quality requirement. If you have not enough local source or supplier then you will need to import the cotton from international market.

Various kind of cotton is producing all over the world. This cotton has some individual quality & identity based on their own territory. So a cotton purchaser should always update himself with the quality & latest price of cotton which are producing all over the world.  

A.    Types of Cotton

By area & quality there is 4 major groups of cotton

1.    Sea Island Cotton

Sea Island cotton is the best quality cotton in the world. This cotton grown in South Carolina, Florida and Georgia of the USA. Also in the islands of the coast of these states. This Sea Island cotton commanded the highest price of all the cottons, due to its long staple 35 mm to 60 mm and its silky texture or quality. This cotton used for the finest counts of yarns and often mixed with silk.

2.     Upland Cotton or U.S Cotton

This cotton also known as Mexican cotton. This is the most widely planted species of cotton in the United States. This cotton has a number of varieties or cross-bred cultivars with varying fiber lengths and tolerances to a number of growing conditions. The average fiber length is 37 mm.

3.     Pima Cotton

This cotton is another type of cotton which staple reach up to 45 mm. This cotton is also called Peruvian and Egyptian cotton. This cotton also grown in the south western area of U.S.A

4.     Asian Cotton

The cotton which is grown in China, Japan, Pakistan & India are called Asian cotton. Its fiber is coarse and harsh. Staple of this Asian cotton can be reach up to 30 mm

Some African country also produces the cotton. Nowadays many cotton fields also produce organic cotton for special requirement of buyer.

B.    Price of Cotton

    Today's (25/01/12) cotton price also with last 06 months(June 2011 to Dec 2011)

Cotton Price of last 01 year (Dec 2010 to Dec 2011) 

Cotton Price of last 05 years (Dec 2006 to Dec 2011) 

Cotton Price of last 10 years (Dec 2001 to Dec 2011)

Cotton Price of last 15 years (Dec 1996 to Dec 2011)

Price of cotton is very very important things for yarn business as well as total apparel sector. The price of cotton differs based on the staple length & quality of cotton fiber. Cotton price also depends on the production quantity of each season. Less cotton production increases the cotton price. However you should always connect with the current cotton market.

In Bangladesh we mainly import the cotton from CIS countries.

CIS means - Commonwealth of Independent States. This (CIS) association formed in 1991, comprising Russia and 11 other republics that were formerly part of the Soviet Union. Members are Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova. Its administrative center is in Minsk, Belarus.

We also import cotton from India & Pakistan.

Please note that, the staple length of cotton is very important because if you want to produce high quality yarn then you must need the long and fine staple to make high quality fine fabrics.




Cotton Store





After purchase we store the cotton at our store house of cotton. We store the cotton bale separately based on their origin & quality. For a 12 tones /day yarn producing factory we need a minimum cotton stock of 1250 tones.


Regards
Bipul